Performance of the group

207.33 TWh

Net electricity generation⁽¹⁾

of which 126.98 TWh of renewable generation

45.2 million

End users with active smart meters

digitalized end users equal to 64.3%

68.2 %

Net efficient installed renewables capacity

for a total of 55.5 GW

1.9 million of km

Electricity distribution and transmission grid

61.1 million

Retail customers

of which 24.3 million on the free market

24.281 n.

Public charging points⁽²⁾

+20.1% on 2022⁽³⁾

⁽¹⁾ If net generation operated through joint ventures were also included, total generation at December 31, 2023 would amount to 220.6 TWh; similarly, generation from renewable sources would be equal to 140.3 TWh at December 31, 2023 (123.7 TWh at December 31, 2022).
⁽²⁾If the figures also included charging points operated through joint ventures, the totals would amount to 25,337 at December 31, 2023 and 22,617 at December31, 2022.
⁽³⁾ The figure for 2022 reflects a more accurate calculation of the aggregate.

The following is a description of the Group’s operating and environmental performance.

Net electricity generated by Enel in 2023 decreased by 20.44 TWh compared with 2022, the result of lower thermal generation (-34.97 TWh) essentially due to a reduction in quantities generated by fuel oil and turbo-gas plants (-6.63 TWh) and combined-cycle plants (-17.73 TWh), taking into account the divestment of operations in Russia, Argentina (Enel Generación Costanera and Central Sud Dock) and Brazil (Central Geradora Termelétrica Fortaleza - CGTF), as well as the decrease in coal generation (-8.97 TWh), mainly in Italy.
The increase in generation from renewable sources (14.53 TWh) is essentially attributable to greater hydroelectric generation (9.26 TWh), which benefited from greater water availability in several countries, and to solar generation (3.30 TWh), mainly in Chile, the United States and Iberia.

Net eletricity generation by source (2023)

At the end of December 2023, the Group’s net efficient installed capacity totaled 81.4 GW, a decrease of 3.2 GW from 2022.
As mentioned in relation to electricity generation, the reduction in net efficient generation capacity is also mainly attributable to the sale of thermal generation assets in Argentina. However, this decrease was mitigated by the increase in net efficient renewables capacity (+1.9 GW) as a result of renewable energy investments made by the Group during the year (+4.03 GW), which was partly offset by plant disposals in Romania, Greece, Australia, Chile and India.

Net efficient installed capacity by source (2023)

At the end of December 2023, the Group’s net efficient installed renewables capacity reached 55.5 GW, an increase of 1.9 GW compared with 2022, and represents 68.2% of total net efficient installed capacity.

Electricity distribution and access, ecosystems and platforms

⁽¹⁾ The figure for 2022 reflects a more accurate calculation of the aggregate.
⁽²⁾ Of which 28.7 million second-generation smart meters in 2023 and 25.2 million in 2022.
⁽³⁾ It should be noted that the figures shown, if they also included the charging points of the companies managed in joint ventures, would amount to 25,337 at December 31, 2023, and 22,617 at December 31, 2022.

Electricity transported on Enel’s distribution grid amounted to 489.2 TWh in 2023, a decrease of 18.5 TWh (-3.6%) compared with the previous year, mainly attributable to Brazil (-11.6 TWh), especially for the sale of Celg Distribução SA - Celg-D (Enel Goiás) at the end of 2022, as well as the decrease in quantities in Italy (-6.3 TWh), Chile (-3.1 TWh) and Romania (-3.0 TWh) due to the changes in the consolidation scope. These effects were slightly offset by increases in Spain (+4.7 TWh).

The number of Enel end users with active smart meters decreased by 652,004 in 2023 due to the deconsolidation of operations in Romania (a decrease of 1,285,969). These effects were partially offset by increases in Brazil (+412,667), Italy (+129,439) and Spain (+87,218).

Electricity sold by Enel in 2023 came to 300.9 TWh, decreasing by 20.2 TWh (-6.3%) compared with the previous year.
The decrease in the volumes of electricity sold in 2023 was mainly concentrated on the regulated market in Brazil (-9.7 TWh), as a result of the sale of Enel Goiás, and in Italy (-6.8 TWh) with the ongoing transition of customers to the free market, due in part to the pending elimination of the enhanced-protection market set for June 2024.
With regard to the free market, volume decreases were seen mainly in Italy (-3.1 TWh) and Spain (-0.6 TWh), partially offset by increases in Brazil (+2.2 TWh) and Chile (+0.6 TWh).

In addition, natural gas sales in 2023 amounted to 8,324 million cubic meters, down 1,919 million cubic meters compared with the previous year, mainly in Spain (down 1,107 million cubic meters) and in Italy (down 577 million cubic meters).

Active public charging points for electric cars at December 31, 2023 numbered 24,281, an increase of 2,169 compared with 2022, mainly in Spain (+1,824) and in Italy (+846).

Demand response capacity in 2023 amounted to 9,588 MW, an increase of 1,112 MW compared with the previous year, mainly in Japan (+494 MW), North America (+273 MW) and Italy (+256 MW).

Finally, storage at December 31, 2023 amounted to 1,730 MW, an increase of 970 MW due mainly to the installation of new batteries at renewable energy plants (+931 MW), mainly in North America (+736 MW) and Italy (+159 MW).

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Fighting climate change

RCP

Word: RCP
Definition: Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) - è una traiettoria di concentrazione di gas serra (non di emissioni) adottata dall'IPCC. Quattro pathway sono stati utilizzati per la modellazione e la ricerca climatica nel Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) dell'IPCC nel 2014. I pathway descrivono diversi futuri climatici, tutti considerati possibili a seconda del volume di gas serra emesso negli anni a venire. Gli RCP – originariamente RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0 e RCP8.5 – prendono il loro nome dal possibile intervallo di valori del forzante radiativo nell'anno 2100 (rispettivamente 2,6 W/m2; 4,5 W/m2; 6,0 W/m2; e 8,5 W/m2), il quale descrive l’incremento del contenuto di energia nel sistema, con conseguente aumento della temperatura. Con il Sixth Assessment Report (AR6), pubblicato tra il 2021 e il 2023, l’IPCC ha prodotto un set aggiornato di cinque scenari di proiezioni climatiche future, ottenuti associando gli RCP agli Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSP). Questi scenari modellano la risposta del clima dal 2015 al 2100 sulla base di scenari futuri di emissione che dipendono anche da ipotesi socioeconomiche e livelli di mitigazione del clima. Questi cinque scenari sostituiscono i precedenti RCP utilizzati nell'AR5 e sono i seguenti: ● SSP1-1.9 e SSP2-2.6: scenari rispettivamente associati a bassissime e basse emissioni di gas serra in cui le emissioni di CO2 diminuiscono fino a raggiungere lo zero netto intorno o dopo il 2050. È probabile che la temperatura superficiale media globale aumenti di 1,0°C-1,8°C nello SSP1-1.9 e di 1,3°C-2,4°C nello SSP2-2.6 entro il 2100 rispetto ai livelli preindustriali (1850-1900); ● SSP2-4.5: scenario con una più lenta riduzione delle emissioni di gas serra, in cui le emissioni di anidride carbonica rimangono più o meno le stesse di oggi fino al 2050 circa. In questo scenario, l'aumento della temperatura superficiale globale è compreso in un intervallo che va da 2,1°C a 3,5°C; ● SSP3-7.0 e SSP5-8.5: scenari rispettivamente associati ad alte e altissime emissioni di gas serra. Nello SSP3-7.0 le emissioni di CO2 raddoppiano circa entro il 2100 rispetto ai livelli attuali e a livello globale la temperatura della superficie terrestre sarà molto probabilmente più alta di 2,8°C-4,6°C entro la fine del secolo rispetto al periodo preindustriale. Nello SSP5-8.5, invece, le emissioni di anidride carbonica raddoppiano circa entro il 2050 e l’aumento della temperatura sarà compreso in un intervallo che va da 3,3°C a 5,7°C.

Performance of the group

Operations

Electricity distribution and access, ecosystems and platforms